Picture of a tornado, waterspout?
A tornado starts as a centre, or vortex, of low pressure. The tornado’s vortex develops from the bottom of the thundercloud toward the ground. These clouds are called as Mamma Clouds.
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The occurrence OF Mamma Clouds is very rare and if you happen to witness them, you will surely find it tough to believe they really exist. these clouds are formed in an unusual way with hanging pouches.
Mamma (breast in Latin) is the most spectacular, distinctive and dangerous of all clouds. It consists of pendulous globules of cloud that hang from the underline of the anvil of a mature cumulonimbous cloud.
The anvil of the cumulonimbous cloud depicts the spreading out of the cloud in radial fashion at the tropopause. The anvil is largely composed of ice crystals.
Other variations result from new convection cells developing at the base of cumulonimbus cloud, replacing the old convection cell which has spread out in anvil form, or from high level winds which cause the upper part to spread out in layers of stratus.
Cumulonimbus clouds sometimes develop huge protuberances called mamma often a sign of severe thunderstorm or even a tornado.
It is formed by what is called as the reverse direction convection. During a thunderstorm, warm moist air rises to the top of the troposphere where the temperature levels off and the air stabilises.
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This causes the rising cloud to expand horizontally over areas of cooler cloud free air. The temperature differences between the two air masses creates instability under the anvil which causes pockets of warm moist air in the cloud to convect downward.
This reverse direction convection is accentuated by the gravity. The operation of this process produces near symmetrical protuberances on the underside of the anvil known as the mammatus.
Decay of cumulonimbus clouds occur when convection ceases and this may result in a complex breakdown into clouds at several levels including high level dense cirrus.
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