Why Atlantic Ocean Current System is slowing down? | Geography Optional | UPSC Civil Services Mains

Atlantic Meridonal Overturning Current | AMOC | Why is the AMOC slowing down? | What is causing this slowdown in the Atlantic Ocean current System | Thermohaline Circulation | Ocean Energy Systems

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

  • A study published in Nature Climate Change notes that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is LOSING ITS STABILITY.
  • Modelling studies have shown that an AMOC SHUTDOWN WOULD COOL the northern hemisphere and DECREASE RAINFALL over Europe.

What is AMOC?

  • The AMOC is a large system of OCEAN CURRENTS. It is the Atlantic branch of the ocean conveyor belt or THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION (THC) and DISTRIBUTES HEAT AND NUTRIENTS throughout the World’s Ocean Basins.

HOW AMOC WORKS?

  • AMOC carries WARM SURFACE WATERS from the TROPICS towards the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, where it COOLS AND SINKS. It then returns to the tropics and then to the South Atlantic as a BOTTOM CURRENT. From there it is distributed to all ocean basins via the ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT.

WHAT HAPPENS IF AMOC COLLAPSES?

  • GULF STREAM, a part of the AMOC, is a warm current responsible for mild climate at the Eastern coast of North America as well as Europe. Without a proper AMOC and Gulf Stream, EUROPE WILL BE VERY COLD.
  • Modelling studies have shown that an AMOC shutdown would COOL THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE and DECREASE RAINFALL over Europe. It can also have an effect on the EL NINO.

 

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